Effect sizes and clinical significance should be reported to allow a more meaningful interpretation of outcomes (Fields & McNamara, 2003). They should clearly define terms such as aggression, rape, and dating violence and be gender-specific or gender-neutral (De Koker et al., 2014). Student needs, school climate (Polanin et al., 2012), and playground supervision (e.g., identification of “hot spots,” Ttofi & Farrington, 2011) should be considered. Whole-school approaches involving school rules and sanctions should be used to prompt student and teacher training. Nevertheless, Cassidy et al. (2016) suggested that multilevel media campaigns might be effective.
Community
Several reviews reported mixed results with harmful or no effects for behavior change. These targeted sexual assault https://www.ksde.gov/Home/Quick-Links/News-Room/ArtMID/3386/ArticleID/2410/Movie-screenings-help-raise-awareness-about-human-trafficking (4), dating and relationship (3), and bullying (1) prevention. While these reviews provide important syntheses of the available evidence, including some evidence on the moderator effects of program features (e.g., Matjasko et al., 2012), they do not provide a clear set of evidence-based design recommendations. Varying designs and target populations make it challenging to determine what works to prevent each type of violence, for whom, and what is critical to optimizing effectiveness. Our findings expose critical gaps in evaluation research in this area and provide recommendations on how to optimize the effectiveness of future programs.
A Public Health Crisis Requires a Public Health Solution
Many high-risk people who have suffered violent injuries are extremely distrustful of mainstream institutions like the healthcare and criminal justice systems. HVIPs also work to identify and reduce risk factors, such as substance misuse and chronic unemployment, and promote protective factors, such as social support, job readiness, and educational attainment. Because victims of interpersonal violence are at elevated risk for re-injury and violence perpetration, reaching them during these “teachable moments” is key to a successful hospital-based intervention.
- In addition, the review included two evaluations of programs targeting antisocial behavior that reported behavioral outcomes in the middle school student population, including ages 15–16.
- Especially hard hit are Black communities and other communities of color that have experienced decades of disinvestment.
- Only two (2.4%) of these programs were effective in the long term for behavioral outcomes such as perpetration, victimization, and violence prevalence rates (Boba & Lilley, 2009; Foshee et al., 1998, 2000, 2004, 2005).
- Supporting parents and caregivers requires a whole-of-society approach, with coordinated responses from the health, education, social services, private…
The activities are intended for use with men of all ages, although some adaptations might have to be made depending on the ages of the men and the country and community context. Included in this document are promising initiatives in justice, health, and education sectors, as well as those using multi-sectoral approaches. Changing the ways police operate in communities is integral to dismantling systemic racism. For every $1 spent on Advance Peace, Sacramento saved between $18 and $41 across emergency response, health care, and law enforcement, as well as other parts of the criminal legal system.
This document reviews promising initiatives to promote gender equality and the effectiveness of such approaches in reducing VAW. The document includes examples of national commissions and community-based networks to improve inter-sectoral coordination. Promising practices from different countries to address VAW in areas of law, service provision, and prevention are included. This section includes an array of programs and approaches implemented in different parts of the world to address VAW. Local budgets disproportionately fund police departments over other public services that would promote public safety, including housing, employment support, education, and public health.
These effects can include physical, emotional, behavioral, and mental health consequences. Treating and addressing the harms of experiencing violence can reduce the short- and long-term effects of exposure to community violence. Below are some examples of programs described in the Sexual Violence Prevention Resource for Action. This category primarily includes programs that meet all elements of the Top Tier standard in a single study site, but need a replication RCT to confirm the initial findings and establish that they generalize to other sites.
One of the effective programs targeted different levels—individual, classroom, and school, and adoption of certain rules. Each review was searched for descriptions of characteristics of relevant programs and for both statistical and narrative assessment of the relationship between characteristics and effectiveness by the four types of violence targeted. Studies that reviewed both community and educational institution-based programs were reviewed, but only findings related to educational institutions were included. Eleven reviews and meta-analyses reported moderate to large effects, while four meta-analyses and reviews showed small but significant effects on youth violence–related outcomes. Their findings suggest that despite the prevalence of sexual assault rates in Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, and Southeast Asia, most programs are implemented and evaluated in the United States and that behavior, especially victimization, is rarely assessed as an outcome. Grassroots organizations are pivotal in mobilizing communities and building trust, which is critical to avoid backlash against or distancing from prevention programmes.
